Phosphatidylserine:
- Essential component of neuronal cell membranes .
- Increases aetylcholine release from cortical slices in aged rats.
- Enhances brain glucose metabolism. Important, since abnormal brain glucose metabolism promotes inflammation and neurodegeneration. Indeed, some have characterized Alzheimer Disease as diabetes of the brain.
- Increases NGF (Nerve Growth Factor) activity
- Recognized by FDA as beneficial
Vimpocetine:
- A vasoactive alkaloid derived from the Periwinkle plant
- Neuroprotective against numerous neurotoxic substances
- Anti-inflammatory by reducing TNF-α-induced pro-inflammatory molecules
- Increases blood flow to the brain via phosphodiesterase type-1 inhihibition
- Upregulates receptors for acetylcholine, serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine
- Cerebral antioxidant
Huperziine-A
- Derived from Huperzia Serrata
- Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
- Neuroprotective via NMDA receptor antagonism
- Promotes hippocampal neurongenesis
- Click here to see article abstract
- Enhances memory consolidation and neuroplasticity
Bacopa Monnieri:
- Protects cells in hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and striatum against cytotoxity and DNA damage
- Protects cholinergic neurons
- Inhibits acetylcholinesterase comparable to donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine
- Reduces stress-induced (cortisol toxicity) hippocampal damage
- Neuroprotective via nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation
- Reduces hippocampal β-amyloid deposition
- Improves speed of visual information processing, learning rate, and memory after 3 months.
Click here to see a brief video on the benefits of Bacopa Monnieri
N-Acetyl-L-Carnitine:
- Improves energy status through β-oxidation in mitochondria
- Decreases oxidative stress
- Promotes neuronal survival in animal model of Parkinson Disease
- Prevents cell death in animal models of adult, pediatric, and neonatal brain injury
- Precursor for acetylcholine
- Acetyl portion incorporated into lipids for myelination and cell growth
St. John’s Wort:
- St Johns’ Wort statistically significantly increased levels of GAP-43 and SYP, respectively in the hippocampi and prefrontal cortex in rats.
- Improves hippocampus-dependent spatial working memory in stressed and corticosterone-injected rats.
- Ameliorates depression (which impairs memory) via several mechanisms
L-Glutamine:
- L-Glutamine is used in the synthesis of the neurotransmitters Glutamate and GABA.
- Glutamate is the primary excitatory transmitter in the brain and is connected to memory formation, recall and synaptic plasticity.
- Glutamate can not only improve memory, but also reasoning, verbal fluidity, and creativity.
- GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain.
- GABA reduces anxiety, promotes relaxation, and enhances focus.